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A pile cap is a thick concrete mat that rests on concrete or timber piles that have been driven into the soft or unstable ground to provide a suitable stable foundation. It usually forms part of the foundation of a building, typically a multi-story building, structure, or support base for heavy equipment. The cast concrete pile cap distributes the load of the building into the piles. A similar structure to a pile cap is a “raft” which is a concrete foundation floor resting directly onto soft soil which may be liable to subsidence.
The pile cap is a mat-like structure which is made of cement, sand and small aggregates.
This mixture is placed in the required place, and it is supported by the framework to resist the whole structure from sagging and crack, this entire process is termed as shuttering and reinforcing.
In a pile, cap reinforcements are placed in the longitudinal section of the pile cap, and it creates a wire type of reinforcement
At first, the reinforcement cage is placed in the pointed place; then the framework is done by timber to hold the wet concrete.
After the concrete has placed then the most vital job is to remove the air bubbles from the concrete; otherwise, the concrete gets porous, and it may be weaker
After concrete placing, compaction and finishing happen then the concrete starts its internal reaction and it generates a lot of amount of heat that’s why we need to cure the concrete by the water curing process.
In the vast amount of concrete placing, there is a coolant that is used to reduce the heat, which is produced by hydration is called refrigerant coolant.
So, these are those actions which are very useful during the construction of the pile cap.
The pile is generally a strong cylinder structure which supports loads of superstructure and transfers it to the subsoil. The pile cap is constructed just above the pile.
Pile foundation is used in some following situations, those are-
Pile foundation is used when the subsoil is weaker, but the superstructure load is too heavy to carry that by shallow footing, then we use a pile foundation structure.
When the structure load is too heavy like a bridge, water tank, high rise building, etc., we need to use a pile foundation.
Piles are mainly two types, that are-
1. End-bearing Pile: In this type of pile, the end portion of this pile rests on the hard starts below the ground. In this type of pile is acting as a vertical column.
2. Friction Pile: when the structural load is too heavy, but the subsoil is not too hard, and we cannot find hard strata in a reasonable depth, then we need to use friction pile. This type of pile dia is too large because to increase the surface area for the friction.
Pile caps are being utilized for transferring the loads from the superstructure to the piling itself. The cap is serving as a thick and concrete mat which is resting upon the piles. It is the component of the foundation & is being utilized heavily for distributing the loads over all piles. The piles are put to use in the situation whenever the soil bearing is not at all sufficient for carrying out the structure load.
Pile foundations are heavy foundations that extend support to all the structures, carrying the load transfer to the soil layers or rock which comprises of adequate bearing capacity along with appropriate settlement characteristics for supporting it. Such piles can be utilized either individually or on the basis of groups and have been already associated through the reinforced concrete cap. The pile cap work is done for developing the most stable of foundations, thereby offering an extensive area for distributing of building's load on the piles itself. In this way, the pile cap acts as the typical component of the foundation of a building which may be multi-story or structure/ support base meant for heavy equipment.
Since a single pile is incapable of bearing the entire load that has been enforced on to the column and thus it need more than a single pile for bearing the entire load. Thus the pile capping plays an extremely crucial role for dispersing out the column load to such piles in a uniform way. The thickness of the pile cap should be developed in such a manner that it is capable of withstanding the entire punching load along with the tension in both top and bottom
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